Why is the storage capacity displayed on a computer always less than the labeled capacity?

The reason why the storage capacity displayed on a computer is always less than the actual capacity is due to the difference in calculation methods. Computers use a binary system for storage calculation, where 1GB is equal to 1024 × 1024 × 1024 = 1,073,741,824 bytes (since 1024 is 2 to the power of 10). Therefore, a storage device labeled as 128GB actually has a capacity of 128,000,000,000 bytes. When this is converted to the binary system used by the computer, it becomes:
128,000,000,000 ÷ 1,073,741,824 ≈ 119.2GB.
Additionally, TEAMGROUP reserves 3% to 5% of the total capacity for device firmware and data storage management, which helps to improve the product's reliability and lifespan. The actual usable capacity can be calculated as follows:
Actual usable capacity = (Labeled capacity ÷ 1,073,741,824) × 95% ~ 97% (GB)